Keywords
deaf communities
dependency theory
antifragility
translation norm
translation standards
minimalism
Abstract
The article introduces a conceptual framework for exploring the practice of sign language interpreting from a Latin American perspective. This framework is called the model of uncertainty (MDI). The MDI combines Gideon Toury’s concept of Norm from Descriptive Translation Studies, Ernest Gutt’s principle of optimal relevance, and Nicholas Nassim Taleb’s philosophical concept of antifragility to generate explanatory hypotheses about decision making in interpreting. An interpreting anecdote is used to illustrate the four principles of the framework presented in the article. The uncertainty principle emphasises that the unknown and disorder are determining elements to consider in any sign language interpreting. The optionality principle points out risk management as one of the main coping strategies in interpreting. The minimalist principle suggests that interpreting practice should be approached under the lens of a more general intercultural communication theory. The temporality principle argues that the robustness of an interpreting practice can best be understood in terms of the use of time. The article concludes that good interpreting practices can be defined as antifragile; that is, as strategies that use disorder in favor of quality interpreting.
References
Abercrombie, N., Hill, S. y Turner, B. (1998). Diccionario de sociología. Cátedra.
Andrade, O. de (1928). Manifiesto Antropófago. Revista de antropofagia, 1(1).
Beigel, F. (2006). Vida, muerte y resurrección de las “teorías de la dependencia”. CLACSO. https://biblioteca-repositorio.clacso.edu.ar/handle/CLACSO/10845
Bourdieu, P. (2001). Las formas del capital. En Poder, derecho y clases sociales (2ª ed., pp. 131-164). Desclée de Brouwer.
Catford, J. (1967). Una teoría lingüística de la traducción. Oxford University Press.
Chesterman, A. (2016). Memes of Translation: The spread of ideas in translation theory. John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://benjamins.com/catalog/btl.123
Chomsky, N. (1988). Language and problems of knowledge: The Managua Lectures. The MIT Press.
Chomsky, N. (2021). O Programa Minimalista (1a edição). Editora Unesp.
Cokely, D. (1986). The Effects of Lag Time on Interpreter Errors. Sign Language Studies, 53, 341-375. https://doi.org/10.1353/sls.1986.0025
Cokely, D. (1992). Interpreting: A sociolinguistic model. Linstok Press.
De Meulder, M. y Haualand, H. (2019). Sign language interpreting services: A quick fix for inclusion? Translation and Interpreting Studies, 16(1), 19-40. https://doi.org/10.1075/tis.18008.dem
Dean, R. K. y Pollard, R. Q. (2013). The Demand Control Schema: Interpreting as a Practice Profession. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Plataform.
Díaz de Rada, Á. (2010). Cultura, antropología y otras tonterías. Trotta.
Eco, U. (2008). Decir casi lo mismo: Experiencias de traducción. Lumen.
Escobar, A. (1998). La invención del Tercer Mundo: Construcción y deconstrucción del desarrollo. Editorial Norma.
Even-Zohar, I. (1979). Polysystem Theory. Poetics Today, 1(1/2), 287-310. https://doi.org/10.2307/1772051
Frank, A. G. (1978). Capitalismo y subdesarrollo en América latina (6.a ed.). Siglo XXI.
Gile, D. (2017). Testing the Effort Models’ Tightrope Hypothesis in Simultaneous Interpreting: A Contribution. Hermes, 23, 153-172. https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v12i23.25553
González-Montesino, R. H. (2016). La estrategia siempre a mano: Propuestas didácticas para la interpretación en lengua de signos [Tesis Doctoral]. Universidade de Vigo. http://www.investigo.biblioteca.uvigo.es/xmlui/handle/11093/628
Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and Conversation. En P. Cole y J. L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and Semantics (pp. 41-58), Vol. 3. Speech Acts.
Groot, A. (1997). The cognitive study of translation and interpretation. En J. H. Danks, S. B. Fointain, G. M. Shreve y M. K. McBeath (Eds.), Cognitive processes in translation and interpretation (pp. 25-56). Sage Publications.
Gutt, E. A. (2001). Translation and Relevance. St. Jerome Publishing.
Hanks, W. F. (2015). The space of translation. En Translating Worlds: The epistemological Space of Translation (pp. 21-49). Hau Books.
Harris, B. (1990). Norms in Interpretation. Target, 2. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.2.1.08har
Holmes, J. S. (2005). Translated! Papers on literary translation and translation studies. Brill Academic.
Humphrey, J. H. y Alcorn, B. J. (2007). So you want to be an interpreter?: An introduction to sign language interpreting. H & H Publishing Co.
Ivars, A. J. y Albir, A. H. (2003). Variedades de traducción a la vista: Definición y clasificación. TRANS: Revista de Traductología, 7 (7). https://doi.org/10.24310/TRANS.2003.v0i7.2946
Katz, C. (2019). La teoría de la dependencia: Cincuenta años después. Monte Ávila Editores Latinoamericana.
Levy, J. (1967). Translation as a decision making process. En To honor Roman Jakobson: Essays on the occasion of his 70. Birthday, 11. October 1966, Vol. 2 (pp. 1171-1182). De Gruyter Mouton. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783111349121-031/html
Martins, C. E. (2015). Globalizaçao, Dependiencia e neoliberalismo na America Latina. Boitempo Editorial.
Metzger, M. (2010). Os destaques das pesquisas sobre interpretação de língua de sinais no contexto acadêmico da interpretação comunitária. Cadernos de Tradução, 2(26). https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2010v2n26p13
Mignolo, W. D. (2003). Historias locales / diseños globales: Colonialidad, conocimientos subalternos y pensamiento fronterizo. Ediciones AKAL.
Moya, V. (2010). La selva de la traducción: Teorías traductológicas contemporáneas (3rd edition). Cátedra.
Napier, J., Barker, R., Roy, C., Pratt, C., Herriman, M. L. y Leigh, G. (2004). Sign Language Interpreting: The Relationship between Metalinguistic Awareness and the Production of Interpreting Omissions. Sign Language Studies, 4(4), 369-393. https://doi.org/10.1353/sls.2004.0020
Newmark, P. (2006). Manual de traducción (2.a ed.). Cátedra.
Petterson, E. (2004). New Minimalist Architecture (1a edição). Harper Design.
Pym, A. (2009). Exploring Translation Theories. Anthony Pym. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203869291
Pym, A. (2015). Translating as risk management. Journal of Pragmatics, 85, 67-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2015.06.010
Robertson, R. (2000). Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture. Sage Books.
Sperber, D. (2005). Explicar la cultura, un enfoque naturalista. Morata.
Sperber, D. y Wilson, D. (1994). La relevancia: Comunicación y procesos cognitivos. Visor.
Stone, C. (2009). Toward Deaf Translation Norm. Gallaudet University Press.
Stone, C. (2022). A Deaf translation norm? En E. Bielsa (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Media. Routledge.
Sunkel, O. y Paz, P. (1999). El subdesarrollo latinoamericano y la teoría del desarrollo. Siglo XXI.
Taleb, N. N. (2008). El cisne negro: El impacto de lo altamente improbable (2.a ed.). Paidós.
Taleb, N. N. (2013). Antifragil: Las cosas que se benefician del desorden. Paidós.
Toury, G. (2004). Estudios descriptivos de la traducción y más allá. Cátedra.
Vuorinen, E. (1997). News translation as a gatekeeping. En M. Snell-Hornby, Z. Jettmarová, y K. Kaindl (Eds.), Translation as Intercultural Communication: Selected papers from the EST Congress, Prague 1995 (p. 161). John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.20.17vuo
Witte, H. (2008). Traducción y percepción intercultural. Comares.
Yongguo, C. (2003). The uncertainty of translation. Perspectives, 11(1), 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2003.9961460
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Alex G. Barreto