Keywords
discourse markers
functions
segmentation
position
functional paradigm
functions
segmentation
position
functional paradigm
Abstract
This article studies the position of two discourse markers, namely palm-up and same, and whether there could be a functional paradigm in Catalan Sign Language (LSC). For this purpose, we present the functions of these two discourse markers in LSC; the segmentation methodology in clauses, basic discourse units and turns, and the possible positions at these three levels. We hypothesize that subjective functions (i.e., related to the signer) will be found in the left peripheral positions, whereas intersubjective functions (i.e., related to the addressee) will appear in right peripheral positions. A sample of 1 hour of dialogues produced by six signers selected from the LSC Corpus was analysed. The results show that palm-up and same appear in different positions. Some functions are predominantly found in a particular position of the clause and the basic discourse unit, whereas other functions have more varied positions. The hypothesis about the peripheries and the type of functions situated in these positions is partially confirmed: most of subjective functions appear in left peripheral positions, but intersubjective functions are not restricted to right peripheral positions.
References
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Cabeza, C. y Fernández, A. M. (2004). “The expression of time in Spanish Sign Language”. Sign Language and Linguistics, 7(1): 63-82.
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Engberg-Pedersen, E. (2002). “Gestures in signing: The presentation gesture in Danish Sign Language”. En R. Schulmeister y H. Reinitzer (eds.), Progress in Sign Language Research: In Honor of Siegmund Prillwitz (pp. 142-162). Hamburg: Signum.
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Fernández, J. (2015). La deixis en la Lengua de Signos Española (LSE): Efectos de la modalidad espaciovisual. Tesis doctoral. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Universidad del País Vasco.
Fraser, B. (1996). “Pragmatic markers”. Pragmatics, 6(2): 167-190.
Gabarró-López, S. (aceptado). “Mans enlaire, això és un marcador discursiu!” En S. Gabarró-López (ed.), Revista d’estudis catalans / Zeitschrift für Katalanistik, (dossier temático). Friburgo: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg.
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Hoza, J. (2011). “The discourse and politeness functions of HEY and WELL in American Sign Language”. En C. B. Roy (ed.), Discourse in Signed Languages (pp. 70-95). Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press.
Institut d’Estudis Catalans (próximamente disponible). Corpus de la llengua de signes catalana (LSC). Barcelona.
Jarque, M. J. (2005). “Double mapping in metaphorical expressions of thought and communication in Catalan Sign Language (LSC)”. Sign Language Studies, 5(3): 292-316.
Martin, L. et al. (2014). “Forme et fonction de la péripherie gauche dans un corpus oral multigenres annoté”. Corpus, 13: 243-265.
McKee, R. (1992). Footing Shifts in American Sign Language Lectures, Tesis doctoral. Los Angeles: University of California.
McKee, R. y Wallingford, S. (2011). “`So, Well, Whatever’ Discourse functions of palm-up in New Zealand Sign Language”. Sign Language and Linguistics, 14(2): 213-247.
Mesch, J. (2016). “Manual backchannel responses in signers’ conversations in Swedish Sign Language”. Language and Communication, 50: 22–41.
Metzger, M. y Bahan, B. (2001). “Discourse analysis”. En C. Lucas (ed.), The Sociolinguistics of Sign Languages (pp. 112-144). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pérez, Y. (2006). “Marcadores manuales en el discurso narrativo en la lengua de señas venezolana”. Letras, 72: 157-208.
Roy, C. B. (1989). “Features of discourse in an American Sign Language lecture”. En C. Lucas (ed.), The Sociolinguistics of Deaf Communities (pp. 231-251). San Diego: Academic Press.
Selting, M. (2000). “The construction of units in conversational talk”. Language in Society, 29(4): 477-517.
Schiffrin, D. (1987). Discourse Markers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schourup, L. (1999). “Discourse markers”. Lingua, 107: 227-265.
Stokoe, W. C. (1960). “Sign language structure: an outline of the visual communication systems of the American Deaf”. Studies in Linguistics: Occasional Papers, 8. Buffalo, NY: University of Buffalo.
Traugott, E. C. (2012). “Intersubjectification and clause periphery”. En L. Brems et al. (eds.), Intersections of Intersubjectivity, 5(1): 7-28.
Uygur-Distexhe, D. y Degand, L. (2015). “`C Bien Alors’: Contraintes communicatives sur la périphérie droite en conversations spontanées: Le cas du face-à-face, du chat et du SMS”. Cahiers de lexicologie, 106: 171-187.
Van Dijk, T. A. (1980). Macrostructures: An Interdisciplinary Study of Global Structures in Discourse, Interaction, and Cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Villameriel, S. (2010). “EN-CAMBIO y ES-DECIR: Origen de dos marcadores discursivos de la lengua de signos en el español oral.” En Actas del IX Congreso de Lingüística General. Valladolid.
Villameriel, S. (2008). “Marcadores del discurso en la lengua de signos española y en el español oral: un estudio comparativo”. En A. Moreno (ed.), Actas completas del VIII Congreso de lingüística general 2008 (pp. 1990-2009). Madrid.
Blanche-Benveniste, C. et al. (1990). Le français parlé: études gramaticales. Paris: Éditions du CNRS.
Bolly, C. y Crible, L. (2015). “From context to functions and back again: Disambiguating pragmatic uses of discourse markers”. En 14th International Pragmatics Conference (IPra), Panel “Anchoring Utterances in Co(n)Text, Argumentation, Common Ground”. Amberes.
Brinton, L. J. (1996). Pragmatic markers in English: Grammaticalization and discourse functions. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Briz, A. y Pons, S. (2010). “Unidades, marcadores y posición”. En O. Loureda y E. Acín (eds.), Los estudios sobre marcadores del discurso en español, hoy (pp. 523-557). Madrid: Arco/Libros.
Cabeza, C. y Fernández, A. M. (2004). “The expression of time in Spanish Sign Language”. Sign Language and Linguistics, 7(1): 63-82.
Carlier, A. y De Mulder, W. (2010). “The emergence of the definite article: ille in competition with ipse in Late Latin”. En Davidse, K. et al. (ed.), Subjectification, Intersubjectification and Grammaticalization (pp. 241-275). Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter.
Crible, L. (2014). “Identifying and describing discourse markers in spoken corpora: Annotation protocol v. 8”. Protocolo de anotación no publicado. Louvain-la-Neuve: Université catholique de Louvain.
Degand, L. (2014). “`So very fast very fast then’: Discourse markers at left and right periphery in spoken French”. En K. Beeching y U. Detges (eds.), Discourse Functions at the Left and Right Periphery: Crosslinguistic Investigations of Language Use and Language Change (pp. 151-178). Leiden: Brill.
Degand, L. et al. (2014). “Initiating a discourse unit in spoken French”. En S. Pons Bordería (ed.), Discourse Segmentation in Romance Languages (pp. 243-273). Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Degand, L. y Simon, A. C. (2009a). “Mapping prosody and syntax as discourse strategies: How basic discourse units vary across benres”. En D. Barth-Weingarten et al. (eds.), Where Prosody Meets Pragmatics (pp. 75-105). Bingley: Emerald.
Degand, L. y Simon, A. C. (2009b). “Minimal discourse units in spoken French: On the role of syntactic and prosodic units in discourse segmentation”. Discours, 4.
Degand, L. y Simon, A. C. (2005). “Minimal discourse units: Can we define them, and why should we?”. En M. Aurnague et al. (eds.), Proceedings of SEM-05: Connectors, Discourse Framing and Discourse Structure: From Corpus-based and Experimental Analyses to Discourse Theories (pp. 65-74). Biarritz.
Engberg-Pedersen, E. (2002). “Gestures in signing: The presentation gesture in Danish Sign Language”. En R. Schulmeister y H. Reinitzer (eds.), Progress in Sign Language Research: In Honor of Siegmund Prillwitz (pp. 142-162). Hamburg: Signum.
Estellés, M. y Pons, S. (2014). “Absolute initial position”. En S. Pons Bordería (ed.), Discourse Segmentation in Romance Languages (pp. 121-155). Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Fernández, J. (2015). La deixis en la Lengua de Signos Española (LSE): Efectos de la modalidad espaciovisual. Tesis doctoral. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Universidad del País Vasco.
Fraser, B. (1996). “Pragmatic markers”. Pragmatics, 6(2): 167-190.
Gabarró-López, S. (aceptado). “Mans enlaire, això és un marcador discursiu!” En S. Gabarró-López (ed.), Revista d’estudis catalans / Zeitschrift für Katalanistik, (dossier temático). Friburgo: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg.
Gabarró-López, S. (2020). “Are discourse markers related to age and educational background? A comparative account between two sign languages”. En L. Crible y S. Blackwell (eds.), Discourse-pragmatic makers in speech and sign, Journal of Pragmatics, 156: 68-82.
Gabarró-López, S. (2019). “When the meaning of SAME is not restricted to likeness: A preliminary study from the perspective of discourse relational devices in two sign languages”. Discours, 24. DOI: 10.4000/discours.10053
Gabarró-López, S. y Meurant, L. (2016). “Slicing your sign language data into Basic Discourse Units (BDUs): Adapting the BDU model (syntax + prosody) to signed discourse”. En E. Efthimiou et al. (eds.), 7th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Corpus Mining (pp. 81–89). Portoroz: ELRA.
Halliday, M. A. K. (1967). Intonation and grammar in British English. The Hague: Mouton.
Halliday, M. A. K. y Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2004). An introduction to functional grammar, 3a edición revisada. London: Hodder Arnold.
Hoza, J. (2011). “The discourse and politeness functions of HEY and WELL in American Sign Language”. En C. B. Roy (ed.), Discourse in Signed Languages (pp. 70-95). Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press.
Institut d’Estudis Catalans (próximamente disponible). Corpus de la llengua de signes catalana (LSC). Barcelona.
Jarque, M. J. (2005). “Double mapping in metaphorical expressions of thought and communication in Catalan Sign Language (LSC)”. Sign Language Studies, 5(3): 292-316.
Martin, L. et al. (2014). “Forme et fonction de la péripherie gauche dans un corpus oral multigenres annoté”. Corpus, 13: 243-265.
McKee, R. (1992). Footing Shifts in American Sign Language Lectures, Tesis doctoral. Los Angeles: University of California.
McKee, R. y Wallingford, S. (2011). “`So, Well, Whatever’ Discourse functions of palm-up in New Zealand Sign Language”. Sign Language and Linguistics, 14(2): 213-247.
Mesch, J. (2016). “Manual backchannel responses in signers’ conversations in Swedish Sign Language”. Language and Communication, 50: 22–41.
Metzger, M. y Bahan, B. (2001). “Discourse analysis”. En C. Lucas (ed.), The Sociolinguistics of Sign Languages (pp. 112-144). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pérez, Y. (2006). “Marcadores manuales en el discurso narrativo en la lengua de señas venezolana”. Letras, 72: 157-208.
Roy, C. B. (1989). “Features of discourse in an American Sign Language lecture”. En C. Lucas (ed.), The Sociolinguistics of Deaf Communities (pp. 231-251). San Diego: Academic Press.
Selting, M. (2000). “The construction of units in conversational talk”. Language in Society, 29(4): 477-517.
Schiffrin, D. (1987). Discourse Markers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schourup, L. (1999). “Discourse markers”. Lingua, 107: 227-265.
Stokoe, W. C. (1960). “Sign language structure: an outline of the visual communication systems of the American Deaf”. Studies in Linguistics: Occasional Papers, 8. Buffalo, NY: University of Buffalo.
Traugott, E. C. (2012). “Intersubjectification and clause periphery”. En L. Brems et al. (eds.), Intersections of Intersubjectivity, 5(1): 7-28.
Uygur-Distexhe, D. y Degand, L. (2015). “`C Bien Alors’: Contraintes communicatives sur la périphérie droite en conversations spontanées: Le cas du face-à-face, du chat et du SMS”. Cahiers de lexicologie, 106: 171-187.
Van Dijk, T. A. (1980). Macrostructures: An Interdisciplinary Study of Global Structures in Discourse, Interaction, and Cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Villameriel, S. (2010). “EN-CAMBIO y ES-DECIR: Origen de dos marcadores discursivos de la lengua de signos en el español oral.” En Actas del IX Congreso de Lingüística General. Valladolid.
Villameriel, S. (2008). “Marcadores del discurso en la lengua de signos española y en el español oral: un estudio comparativo”. En A. Moreno (ed.), Actas completas del VIII Congreso de lingüística general 2008 (pp. 1990-2009). Madrid.